home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Gateway Monitoring Protocol
-
-
- IEN 131
-
-
- 1 February 1980
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- David Flood Page
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc.
- 50 Moulton Street
- Cambridge, Massachusetts 02238
-
-
- (617) 491-1850
-
-
-
-
- GATEWAY MONITORING PROTOCOL
-
-
-
-
- 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
-
-
- 2. Communication Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
-
- 2.1 Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
-
- 2.2 Requesting Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
-
- 2.3 Requesting Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
-
-
- 3. Data Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
-
- 3.1 Report Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
-
- 3.1.1 Gateway description - type 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
-
- 3.1.2 Echo - type 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
-
- 3.1.3 Throughput matrix - type 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
-
- 3.1.4 Status of all interfaces - type 3 . . . . . . . . . . 7
-
- 3.1.5 Queue activity - type 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
-
- 3.1.6 End to end statistics - type 5 . . . . . . . . . . . 8
-
- 3.1.7 Individual interface status - type 6 . . . . . . . . 8
-
- 3.1.8 Routing tables - type 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
-
- 3.2 Trap Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
-
- 3.2.1 Interface up/down - type 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
-
- 3.2.2 Neighbor gateway up/down - type 2 . . . . . . . . . . 9
-
- 3.2.3 Queue full - type 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 1 -
-
- IEN 131 Gateway Monitoring Protocol
-
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- This document details the protocol for the gateway monitoring
- functions described in IEN 105, 'ARPA Catenet Monitoring and
- Control'. It does not deal with the control functions or fault
- isolation; these will be covered in a separate document.
-
- The protocol described here contains a number of report
- types. We realize that to implement them all may impose an
- unacceptable load on a gateway; therefore the system is designed
- to cater to gateways not implementing the complete protocol.
-
-
- The protocol is described in two parts:
-
- - Communication mechanism
- - Data formats
-
-
- 2. Communication Mechanism
-
- 2.1 Negotiation
-
- Because a gateway may not implement the complete protocol,
- the Catenet Monitoring and Control Center (CMCC) is able to
- discover, each time it makes a request of a gateway, whether the
- gateway can satisfy that request. The method used is similar to
- the DO - DONT - WILL - WONT mechanism in the Telnet protocol.
- Briefly, this works as follows:
-
- When the CMCC wants to obtain information from a gateway, it
- sends a DO message to the gateway. If the gateway is able to make
- the required response, it returns a WILL message accompanied by
- the data requested. If it cannot do this, it sends back a WONT
- message detailing why it could not satisfy the request. If the
- gateway does not even implement this negotiation mechanism, or if
- the message is lost in transit, then the CMCC will receive no
- reply. In this case it will try up to two more times at 30 second
- intervals. If it still gets no reply, then it acts as if a WONT
- message had been received.
-
- If the CMCC wants to stop the gateway from sending
- information, then it sends a DONT message. The gateway then
- responds with a WONT reply. The CMCC will try up to three times,
- at 30 second intervals, to get this acknowledgement.
-
- A gateway will need to implement this negotiation mechanism
- in order to participate in the Monitoring and control system.
- This is true regardless of how many of the report types are
- implemented in the gateway.
-
-
-
-
- - 2 -
-
- IEN 131 Gateway Monitoring Protocol
-
-
- 2.2 Requesting Reports
-
- Gateways may be requested to send out a series of reports at
- regular intervals, as well as just sending back a single response.
- So a DO REPORT request contains, in addition to the report type,
- the number of reports required and the interval between reports.
- The number of reports may be a special value (65535) meaning
- 'until further notice'. When the CMCC wants to turn off this kind
- of report then it sends a DONT message to the gateway. The
- gateway will then cease reporting and send back a WONT message.
- The CMCC will send up to 3 DONT messages until it gets the WONT
- response. If it still receives no answer then it gives up.
-
- If a gateway is sending out regular reports, and it receives
- a new request from the same source as the original request to send
- the same report, then the new request is considered to supercede
- the old one unless the new request is for a single report. In
- this case the gateway should make the single response, but
- continue sending the regular reports. If the new request is for
- more than one report, then the gateway should reset the sequence
- number (see below) and forget about the original request. The
- question of dealing with requests from different sources is in
- part an authorization question, and is not dealt with in this
- document; however, gateways should in general be prepared to
- satisfy requests for single reports from any source at any time.
-
- A gateway may be unable to send out more than one report in
- response to a single enquiry; i.e. it may insist on being polled.
- If such a gateway receives a request for multiple reports, it
- sends back a WONT REPORT reply, indicating that the number of
- reports in the request was unacceptable. The CMCC will then send
- a single report request, and will continue sending these requests
- at appropriate intervals.
-
- Each request sent out from the CMCC contains a report
- identification number. This number is returned by the gateway in
- the WILL REPORT or WONT REPORT message. When a request results in
- more than one report message, those after the first have a
- sequence number instead of the report id. Gateways will reset the
- sequence number when they receive a DO REPORT, except in the case
- of a single report request as described above. When a regular
- report is requested, the WILL REPORT reply may or may not contain
- the first report message. If it does not, then it should consist
- only of the WILL REPORT header, with no extra data.
-
-
- The following is a list of the report types.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 3 -
-
- IEN 131 Gateway Monitoring Protocol
-
-
- Type
-
- 0 - Gateway description.
- 1 - Echo.
- 2 - Throughput transit matrix.
- 3 - Interface up/down status for all interfaces.
- 4 - Queue activity.
- 5 - End to end traffic statistics.
- 6 - Individual interface status.
- 7 - Routing table.
-
-
- 2.3 Requesting Traps
-
- Besides the reports, a gateway may issue traps, which are
- messages announcing some event in the gateway. A gateway may be
- directed to start or stop sending the various kinds of traps,
- using DO - DONT - WILL - WONT TRAP messages in the same way as
- REPORT messages are used, except that normally the WILL TRAP
- message will not be accompanied by data.
-
- The following is a list of the trap types:
-
- Type
-
- 1 - Interface up/down.
- 2 - Neighbor gateway up/down.
- 3 - Queue full.
-
- Here, up/down on an interface refers to the ready line. For
- a neighbor gateway it is determined according to the
- gateway-gateway protocol in force.
-
- 3. Data Formats
-
- Bits within a field are numbered starting at 0 and ordered
- left to right, so that an octet with bit 0 set on has the numeric
- value 128. Octets within numeric fields of more than 8 bits are
- ordered so that the most significant octet comes first. For
- example, a 32 bit numeric field with a value of 65536 would be
- expressed as 0,1,0,0 in octets. For other fields of more than 8
- bits, the first octet contains bits 0-7, the second 8-15, and so
- on.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 4 -
-
- IEN 131 Gateway Monitoring Protocol
-
-
- Monitoring Packets have the following format:
-
- +--------------------+
- ! Local Header !
- +--------------------+
- ! Internet Header !
- +--------------------+
- ! Monitoring Header !
- +--------------------+
- ! Data !
- +--------------------+
-
- The data may be absent.
-
- The monitoring header has the following format:
-
- Bits Contents
-
- 0 0 - Report or trap
- 1 - Negotiation message.
-
- 1 0 - Report
- 1 - Trap
-
- 2-3 For a negotiation message:
- 0 - DO
- 1 - DONT
- 2 - WILL
- 3 - WONT
- For a report or trap: zero.
-
- 4-7 Reserved for future use.
-
- 8-15 Report or trap type.
-
- 16-31 For a negotiation message: Report Id.
- For a report: Sequence number.
- For a trap: data depending on trap type.
-
- A DO REPORT message has the header:
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 16 31
- +-------------------------------------------------------------+
- ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 0 ! 0 0 0 0 ! report type ! report id !
- +-------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-
- and the corresponding WILL REPORT message has:
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 5 -
-
- IEN 131 Gateway Monitoring Protocol
-
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 16 31
- +-------------------------------------------------------------+
- ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 0 ! 0 0 0 0 ! report type ! report id !
- +-------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- where the report id is the same as in the DO REPORT. A DONT
- REPORT will begin with:
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 16 31
- +-------------------------------------------------------------+
- ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 1 ! 0 0 0 0 ! report type ! report id !
- +-------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- and a WONT REPORT begins with:
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 16 31
- +-------------------------------------------------------------+
- ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 1 ! 0 0 0 0 ! report type ! report id !
- +-------------------------------------------------------------+
-
- Headers for trap negotiation messages are similar except that
- bit 1 is 1 instead of 0.
-
- Trap messages have a header of only 2 octets:
-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15
- +-----------------------------------------------+
- ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 0 ! 0 0 0 0 ! trap type !
- +-----------------------------------------------+
-
- DONT messages have no data. The WONT header is followed by a
- single octet which indicates which field(s) in the request the
- gateway objected to. Bits are set on according to the offending
- field, as follows:
-
- Bit Field
- 0 report or trap (i.e the gateway has not implemented
- any reports, or traps)
- 1 report/trap type
- 2 number of reports (i.e. a gateway insists on being
- polled)
- 3 reporting interval
-
- DO REPORT messages have two 16-bit numbers which are the
- number of reports required and the reporting interval in seconds,
- in that order. A request for 65535 reports means 'until further
- notice'. In addition, a type 6 report request has one extra octet
- at the end containing the interface number.
-
- The first response in any set of reports may also be the WILL
- REPORT negotiation message and if so, the first 4 bits of the
- monitoring header will have the value 1010 (negotiation, report,
-
-
- - 6 -
-
- IEN 131 Gateway Monitoring Protocol
-
-
- WILL). Subsequent reports arising from the same request have a
- header beginning with 0000 (report/trap, report, zero). If the
- first response is the WILL REPORT without any data, then its
- length must be 4 bytes, i.e. it consists only of the monitoring
- header.
-
- Trap messages may or may not have any data, depending on the
- trap type.
-
- 3.1 Report Formats
-
- 3.1.1 Gateway description - type 0
-
- The first item is the gateway name as four 8-bit ASCII
- characters. The next item consists of two octets containing the
- number of interfaces in the gateway, and the number of neighbors
- the gateway has, in that order. This is then followed by two sets
- of 32 bit numbers, whose size is given by the above octets. The
- first set lists the addresses of each interface in the gateway,
- and the second set lists the addresses of the gateway's neighbors.
-
- 3.1.2 Echo - type 1
-
- There is no data in this message type. The gateway simply
- returns the message to the place that sent it.
-
- 3.1.3 Throughput matrix - type 2
-
- The report is a conceptual matrix with rows corresponding to
- output interfaces and columns to input interfaces. The interfaces
- are numbered from 0 to N-1 and there is an extra column for
- packets dropped at the interface.
-
- The matrix is expressed as N * (N+1) 32-bit counts, where N
- is the number of interfaces. Each packet entering the gateway via
- interface IN and leaving via interface OUT causes the count at
- position (OUT * N) + IN to be incremented.
-
- 3.1.4 Status of all interfaces - type 3
-
- The header is followed by a bit array in which the bit in
- position i is 1 if interface i is up, 0 if it is down. Interfaces
- are numbered starting at zero, as in the throughput matrix. The
- ordering of the interfaces is defined in the Gateway Description
- message, 3.1.1.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 7 -
-
- IEN 131 Gateway Monitoring Protocol
-
-
- 3.1.5 Queue activity - type 4
-
- The header is followed by a set of reports, one for each
- interface number. Each report in the set is 16 bits long and has
- the following format:
-
- Bits Contents
-
- 0-7 Length of input queue for this interface.
- 8-15 Length of output queue.
-
- Interface numbering is as in the interface status message.
-
- 3.1.6 End to end statistics - type 5
-
- The report has a set of counts, one for each
- source/destination combination. The format of each entry is:
-
- Bits Contents
-
- 0-7 Source network number.
- 8-15 Destination network number.
- 16-47 Count of packets source-destination.
-
- The counts are cumulative and so is the list of
- source/destination combinations, i.e. the report will contain
- counts for every source/destination pair that has been recorded
- since the gateway started up.
-
- 3.1.7 Individual interface status - type 6
-
- A distinction here is made between error free and error
- handling interfaces. The first four octets are the same in each
- case, except for a code indicating the interface type. For an
- error free interface, these four octets are the whole report. For
- a VDH error handling interface there are another three 32-bit
- counts of :
-
- packet framing errors
- packets received with bad checksum
- packets retransmitted
-
- The format of the first four octets is:
-
- Bits Contents
-
- 0-7 Interface number
- 8-11 Status: 0 (down), 1 (up)
- 12-15 Interface type: 0 - error free, 1 - VDH.
- 16-31 Number of times this interface has gone down.
-
-
-
-
- - 8 -
-
- IEN 131 Gateway Monitoring Protocol
-
-
- The down count is only reset at gateway startup time.
-
- 3.1.8 Routing tables - type 7
-
- This is a table of variable length entries each containing a
- network number, the minimum distance to that network from the
- gateway, and the addresses of each neighbor on the minimum
- distance path. The format of each entry is as follows:
-
- 8 bits number of neighbors
- 8 bits network number
- 8 bits distance to network
- 8 bits unused (allows 32-bit alignment of addresses)
- 32 bits first neighbor address
- 32 bits second neighbor address
- (as many more neighbor addresses as necessary).
-
- 3.2 Trap Formats
-
- Traps all have a 16-bit header starting with 0100
- (report/trap, trap, zero). Data for the traps is as follows.
-
- 3.2.1 Interface up/down - type 1
-
- Bits Contents
-
- 0-7 up (1) or down (0).
- 8-15 interface number.
-
- 3.2.2 Neighbor gateway up/down - type 2
-
- Bits Contents
-
- 0-3 up (1) or down (0).
- 4-7 old gateway (zero) or new gateway (1).
- 8-15 unused (for 32-bit alignment of next field)
- 16-47 Neighbor gateway internet address.
-
- A new gateway is one not previously heard from, which will
- therefore cause an addition to the gateway's routing tables.
-
- 3.2.3 Queue full - type 3
-
- Bits Contents
-
- 0-7 Interface number for queue.
- 8-15 Input (zero) or output (1) queue.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 9 -
-
-